Which process converts sediments into solid rock by compaction or cementation?

Which process converts sediments into solid rock by compaction or cementation?

• A. Erosion
• B. Lithification
• C. Metamorphism
• D. Weathering

Answer: (B)

Lithification is the process that turns loose sediments into solid rock. As sediments are buried, the weight of overlying material compresses the grains, squeezing out water and reducing the spaces between them. Minerals dissolved in groundwater then precipitate and act as a cement, binding the grains together. This combination of compaction and cementation converts layers of sediment into sedimentary rocks such as sandstone, shale, and limestone. This differs from erosion, which wears rocks away; weathering, which breaks rocks down at the surface; and metamorphism, which alters rocks through heat and pressure to form new mineral structures without turning loose sediments into rock.

Lithification is the process that turns loose sediments into solid rock. As sediments are buried, the weight of overlying material compresses the grains, squeezing out water and reducing the spaces between them. Minerals dissolved in groundwater then precipitate and act as a cement, binding the grains together. This combination of compaction and cementation converts layers of sediment into sedimentary rocks such as sandstone, shale, and limestone. This differs from erosion, which wears rocks away; weathering, which breaks rocks down at the surface; and metamorphism, which alters rocks through heat and pressure to form new mineral structures without turning loose sediments into rock.